Modest volcanic SO2 emissions from the Indonesian archipelago

Philipson Bani (), Clive Oppenheimer, Vitchko Tsanev, Bruno Scaillet, Sofyan Primulyana, Ugan Boyson Saing, Hilma Alfianti and Mita Marlia
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Philipson Bani: Université Blaise Pascal-CNRS-IRD, OPGC
Clive Oppenheimer: University of Cambridge
Vitchko Tsanev: University of Cambridge
Bruno Scaillet: Institut des sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, Université d’Orléans-CNRS-BRGM
Sofyan Primulyana: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation
Ugan Boyson Saing: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation
Hilma Alfianti: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation
Mita Marlia: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Indonesia hosts the largest number of active volcanoes, several of which are renowned for climate-changing historical eruptions. This pedigree might suggest a substantial fraction of global volcanic sulfur emissions from Indonesia and are intrinsically driven by sulfur-rich magmas. However, a paucity of observations has hampered evaluation of these points—many volcanoes have hitherto not been subject to emissions measurements. Here we report new gas measurements from Indonesian volcanoes. The combined SO2 output amounts to 1.15 ± 0.48 Tg/yr. We estimate an additional time-averaged SO2 yield of 0.12-0.54 Tg/yr for explosive eruptions, indicating a total SO2 inventory of 1.27-1.69 Tg/yr for Indonesian. This is comparatively modest—individual volcanoes such as Etna have sustained higher fluxes. To understand this paradox, we compare the geodynamic, petrologic, magma dynamical and shallow magmatic-hydrothermal processes that influence the sulfur transfer to the atmosphere. Results reinforce the idea that sulfur-rich eruptions reflect long-term accumulation of volatiles in the reservoirs.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31043-7

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