Evolution and activation mechanism of the flavivirus class II membrane-fusion machinery

Marie-Christine Vaney, Mariano Dellarole, Stéphane Duquerroy, Iris Medits, Georgios Tsouchnikas, Alexander Rouvinski, Patrick England, Karin Stiasny (), Franz X. Heinz () and Félix A. Rey ()
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Marie-Christine Vaney: Unité de Virologie Structurale
Mariano Dellarole: Unité de Virologie Structurale
Stéphane Duquerroy: Unité de Virologie Structurale
Iris Medits: Medical University of Vienna
Georgios Tsouchnikas: Medical University of Vienna
Alexander Rouvinski: Unité de Virologie Structurale
Patrick England: Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire
Karin Stiasny: Medical University of Vienna
Franz X. Heinz: Medical University of Vienna
Félix A. Rey: Unité de Virologie Structurale

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The flavivirus envelope glycoproteins prM and E drive the assembly of icosahedral, spiky immature particles that bud across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Maturation into infectious virions in the trans-Golgi network involves an acid-pH-driven rearrangement into smooth particles made of (prM/E)2 dimers exposing a furin site for prM cleavage into “pr” and “M”. Here we show that the prM “pr” moiety derives from an HSP40 cellular chaperonin. Furthermore, the X-ray structure of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (pr/E)2 dimer at acidic pH reveals the E 150-loop as a hinged-lid that opens at low pH to expose a positively-charged pr-binding pocket at the E dimer interface, inducing (prM/E)2 dimer formation to generate smooth particles in the Golgi. Furin cleavage is followed by lid-closure upon deprotonation in the neutral-pH extracellular environment, expelling pr while the 150-loop takes the relay in fusion loop protection, thus revealing the elusive flavivirus mechanism of fusion activation.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31111-y

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