Ultra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip

Timothy P. McKenna, Hubert S. Stokowski, Vahid Ansari, Jatadhari Mishra, Marc Jankowski, Christopher J. Sarabalis, Jason F. Herrmann, Carsten Langrock, Martin M. Fejer and Amir H. Safavi-Naeini ()
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Timothy P. McKenna: Stanford University
Hubert S. Stokowski: Stanford University
Vahid Ansari: Stanford University
Jatadhari Mishra: Stanford University
Marc Jankowski: Stanford University
Christopher J. Sarabalis: Stanford University
Jason F. Herrmann: Stanford University
Carsten Langrock: Stanford University
Martin M. Fejer: Stanford University
Amir H. Safavi-Naeini: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Second-order nonlinear optical processes convert light from one wavelength to another and generate quantum entanglement. Creating chip-scale devices to efficiently control these interactions greatly increases the reach of photonics. Existing silicon-based photonic circuits utilize the third-order optical nonlinearity, but an analogous integrated platform for second-order nonlinear optics remains an outstanding challenge. Here we demonstrate efficient frequency doubling and parametric oscillation with a threshold of tens of micro-watts in an integrated thin-film lithium niobate photonic circuit. We achieve degenerate and non-degenerate operation of the parametric oscillator at room temperature and tune its emission over one terahertz by varying the pump frequency by hundreds of megahertz. Finally, we observe cascaded second-order processes that result in parametric oscillation. These resonant second-order nonlinear circuits will form a crucial part of the emerging nonlinear and quantum photonics platforms.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31134-5

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