Maternal immune response and placental antibody transfer after COVID-19 vaccination across trimester and platforms

Caroline G. Atyeo, Lydia L. Shook, Sara Brigida, Rose M. Guzman, Stepan Demidkin, Cordelia Muir, Babatunde Akinwunmi, Arantxa Medina Baez, Maegan L. Sheehan, Erin McSweeney, Madeleine D. Burns, Ruhi Nayak, Maya K. Kumar, Chinmay D. Patel, Allison Fialkowski, Dana Cvrk, Ilona T. Goldfarb, Lael M. Yonker, Alessio Fasano, Alejandro B. Balazs, Michal A. Elovitz, Kathryn J. Gray, Galit Alter () and Andrea G. Edlow ()
Additional contact information
Caroline G. Atyeo: MIT, and Harvard
Lydia L. Shook: Harvard Medical School
Sara Brigida: Massachusetts General Hospital
Rose M. Guzman: Harvard Medical School
Stepan Demidkin: Massachusetts General Hospital
Cordelia Muir: Massachusetts General Hospital
Babatunde Akinwunmi: Harvard Medical School
Arantxa Medina Baez: Massachusetts General Hospital
Maegan L. Sheehan: MIT, and Harvard
Erin McSweeney: Massachusetts General Hospital
Madeleine D. Burns: Harvard Medical School
Ruhi Nayak: Massachusetts General Hospital
Maya K. Kumar: Harvard Medical School
Chinmay D. Patel: Harvard Medical School
Allison Fialkowski: Massachusetts General Hospital
Dana Cvrk: Harvard Medical School
Ilona T. Goldfarb: Harvard Medical School
Lael M. Yonker: Massachusetts General Hospital
Alessio Fasano: Massachusetts General Hospital
Alejandro B. Balazs: MIT, and Harvard
Michal A. Elovitz: University of Pennsylvania
Kathryn J. Gray: Harvard Medical School
Galit Alter: MIT, and Harvard
Andrea G. Edlow: Harvard Medical School

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract The availability of three COVID-19 vaccines in the United States provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine how vaccine platforms and timing of vaccination in pregnancy impact maternal and neonatal immunity. Here, we characterize the antibody profile after Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccination in 158 pregnant individuals and evaluate transplacental antibody transfer by profiling maternal and umbilical cord blood in 175 maternal-neonatal dyads. These analyses reveal lower vaccine-induced functions and Fc receptor-binding after Ad26.COV2.S compared to mRNA vaccination and subtle advantages in titer and function with mRNA-1273 versus BN162b2. mRNA vaccines have higher titers and functions against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. First and third trimester vaccination results in enhanced maternal antibody-dependent NK-cell activation, cellular and neutrophil phagocytosis, and complement deposition relative to second trimester. Higher transplacental transfer ratios following first and second trimester vaccination may reflect placental compensation for waning maternal titers. These results provide novel insight into the impact of platform and trimester of vaccination on maternal humoral immune response and transplacental antibody transfer.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31169-8

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