Calcium-tin alloys as anodes for rechargeable non-aqueous calcium-ion batteries at room temperature

Zhirong Zhao-Karger (), Yanlei Xiu, Zhenyou Li, Adam Reupert, Thomas Smok and Maximilian Fichtner
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Zhirong Zhao-Karger: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
Yanlei Xiu: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
Zhenyou Li: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
Adam Reupert: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
Thomas Smok: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
Maximilian Fichtner: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Rechargeable calcium batteries possess attractive features for sustainable energy-storage solutions owing to their high theoretical energy densities, safety aspects and abundant natural resources. However, divalent Ca-ions and reactive Ca metal strongly interact with cathode materials and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, leading to high charge-transfer barriers at the electrode-electrolyte interface and consequently low electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and elucidate the electrochemical properties of calcium-tin (Ca–Sn) alloy anodes for Ca-ion chemistries. Crystallographic and microstructural characterizations reveal that Sn formed from electrochemically dealloying the Ca–Sn alloy possesses unique properties, and that this in-situ formed Sn undergoes subsequent reversible calciation/decalciation as CaSn3. As demonstration of the suitability of Ca–Sn alloys as anodes for Ca-ion batteries, we assemble coin cells with an organic cathode (1,4-polyanthraquinone) in an electrolyte of 0.25 M calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate in dimethoxyethane. These electrochemical cells are charged/discharged for 5000 cycles at 260 mA g−1, retaining a capacity of 78 mAh g−1 with respect to the organic cathode. The discovery of new class of Ca–Sn alloy anodes opens a promising avenue towards viable high-performance Ca-ion batteries.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31261-z

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