Comparison of chromatin accessibility landscapes during early development of prefrontal cortex between rhesus macaque and human

Xuelong Yao, Zongyang Lu, Zhanying Feng, Lei Gao, Xin Zhou, Min Li, Suijuan Zhong, Qian Wu, Zhenbo Liu, Haofeng Zhang, Zeyuan Liu, Lizhi Yi, Tao Zhou, Xudong Zhao, Jun Zhang, Yong Wang, Xingxu Huang (), Xiaoqun Wang () and Jiang Liu ()
Additional contact information
Xuelong Yao: Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation
Zongyang Lu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhanying Feng: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lei Gao: Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation
Xin Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Min Li: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Suijuan Zhong: Beijing Normal University
Qian Wu: Beijing Normal University
Zhenbo Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation
Haofeng Zhang: Capital Medical University
Zeyuan Liu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lizhi Yi: Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation
Tao Zhou: Shanghai Tech University
Xudong Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jun Zhang: Capital Medical University
Yong Wang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xingxu Huang: Shanghai Tech University
Xiaoqun Wang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiang Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Epigenetic information regulates gene expression and development. However, our understanding of the evolution of epigenetic regulation on brain development in primates is limited. Here, we compared chromatin accessibility landscapes and transcriptomes during fetal prefrontal cortex (PFC) development between rhesus macaques and humans. A total of 304,761 divergent DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are identified between rhesus macaques and humans, although many of these sites share conserved DNA sequences. Interestingly, most of the cis-elements linked to orthologous genes with dynamic expression are divergent DHSs. Orthologous genes expressed at earlier stages tend to have conserved cis-elements, whereas orthologous genes specifically expressed at later stages seldom have conserved cis-elements. These genes are enriched in synapse organization, learning and memory. Notably, DHSs in the PFC at early stages are linked to human educational attainment and cognitive performance. Collectively, the comparison of the chromatin epigenetic landscape between rhesus macaques and humans suggests a potential role for regulatory elements in the evolution of differences in cognitive ability between non-human primates and humans.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31403-3

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