Population genomics of ancient and modern Trichuris trichiura

Stephen R. Doyle (), Martin Jensen Søe, Peter Nejsum, Martha Betson, Philip J. Cooper, Lifei Peng, Xing-Quan Zhu, Ana Sanchez, Gabriela Matamoros, Gustavo Adolfo Fontecha Sandoval, Cristina Cutillas, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Zeleke Mekonnen, Shaali M. Ame, Harriet Namwanje, Bruno Levecke, Matthew Berriman, Brian Lund Fredensborg and Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel ()
Additional contact information
Stephen R. Doyle: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Martin Jensen Søe: University of Copenhagen
Peter Nejsum: Aarhus University
Martha Betson: University of Surrey
Philip J. Cooper: St George’s University of London
Lifei Peng: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University
Xing-Quan Zhu: Shanxi Agricultural University
Ana Sanchez: Brock University, St. Catharines
Gabriela Matamoros: Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
Gustavo Adolfo Fontecha Sandoval: Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
Cristina Cutillas: Universidad de Sevilla
Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté: University of Yaoundé I
Zeleke Mekonnen: Jimma University
Shaali M. Ame: Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri
Harriet Namwanje: Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health
Bruno Levecke: Ghent University
Matthew Berriman: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Brian Lund Fredensborg: University of Copenhagen
Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel: University of Copenhagen

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The neglected tropical disease trichuriasis is caused by the whipworm Trichuris trichiura, a soil-transmitted helminth that has infected humans for millennia. Today, T. trichiura infects as many as 500 million people, predominantly in communities with poor sanitary infrastructure enabling sustained faecal-oral transmission. Using whole-genome sequencing of geographically distributed worms collected from human and other primate hosts, together with ancient samples preserved in archaeologically-defined latrines and deposits dated up to one thousand years old, we present the first population genomics study of T. trichiura. We describe the continent-scale genetic structure between whipworms infecting humans and baboons relative to those infecting other primates. Admixture and population demographic analyses support a stepwise distribution of genetic variation that is highest in Uganda, consistent with an African origin and subsequent translocation with human migration. Finally, genome-wide analyses between human samples and between human and non-human primate samples reveal local regions of genetic differentiation between geographically distinct populations. These data provide insight into zoonotic reservoirs of human-infective T. trichiura and will support future efforts toward the implementation of genomic epidemiology of this globally important helminth.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31487-x

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