SARS-CoV-2 antibody trajectories after a single COVID-19 vaccination with and without prior infection

Jia Wei, Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, Ian Diamond, Ruth Studley, Emma Rourke, Duncan Cook, John I. Bell, John N. Newton, Jeremy Farrar, Alison Howarth, Brian D. Marsden, Sarah Hoosdally, E. Yvonne Jones, David I. Stuart, Derrick W. Crook, Tim E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker, David W. Eyre and Koen B. Pouwels ()
Additional contact information
Jia Wei: University of Oxford
Philippa C. Matthews: University of Oxford
Nicole Stoesser: University of Oxford
Ian Diamond: Office for National Statistics
Ruth Studley: Office for National Statistics
Emma Rourke: Office for National Statistics
Duncan Cook: Office for National Statistics
John I. Bell: University of Oxford
John N. Newton: University of Exeter
Jeremy Farrar: Wellcome Trust
Alison Howarth: University of Oxford
Brian D. Marsden: University of Oxford
Sarah Hoosdally: University of Oxford
E. Yvonne Jones: University of Oxford
David I. Stuart: University of Oxford
Derrick W. Crook: University of Oxford
Tim E. A. Peto: University of Oxford
A. Sarah Walker: University of Oxford
David W. Eyre: University of Oxford
Koen B. Pouwels: The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Given high SARS-CoV-2 incidence, coupled with slow and inequitable vaccine roll-out in many settings, there is a need for evidence to underpin optimum vaccine deployment, aiming to maximise global population immunity. We evaluate whether a single vaccination in individuals who have already been infected with SARS-CoV-2 generates similar initial and subsequent antibody responses to two vaccinations in those without prior infection. We compared anti-spike IgG antibody responses after a single vaccination with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the COVID-19 Infection Survey in the UK general population. In 100,849 adults median (50 (IQR: 37–63) years) receiving at least one vaccination, 13,404 (13.3%) had serological/PCR evidence of prior infection. Prior infection significantly boosted antibody responses, producing higher peak levels and/or longer half-lives after one dose of all three vaccines than those without prior infection receiving one or two vaccinations. In those with prior infection, the median time above the positivity threshold was >1 year after the first vaccination. Single-dose vaccination targeted to those previously infected may provide at least as good protection to two-dose vaccination among those without previous infection.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31495-x

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