Mode-pairing quantum key distribution

Pei Zeng, Hongyi Zhou, Weijie Wu and Xiongfeng Ma ()
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Pei Zeng: Tsinghua University
Hongyi Zhou: Tsinghua University
Weijie Wu: Tsinghua University
Xiongfeng Ma: Tsinghua University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Quantum key distribution — the establishment of information-theoretically secure keys based on quantum physics — is mainly limited by its practical performance, which is characterised by the dependence of the key rate on the channel transmittance R(η). Recently, schemes based on single-photon interference have been proposed to improve the key rate to $$R=O(\sqrt{\eta })$$ R = O ( η ) by overcoming the point-to-point secret key capacity bound with interferometers. Unfortunately, all of these schemes require challenging global phase locking to realise a stable long-arm single-photon interferometer with a precision of approximately 100 nm over fibres that are hundreds of kilometres long. Aiming to address this problem, we propose a mode-pairing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution scheme in which the encoded key bits and bases are determined during data post-processing. Using conventional second-order interference, this scheme can achieve a key rate of $$R=O(\sqrt{\eta })$$ R = O ( η ) without global phase locking when the local phase fluctuation is mild. We expect this high-performance scheme to be ready-to-implement with off-the-shelf optical devices.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31534-7

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