Clinical characteristics and immune profile alterations in vaccinated individuals with breakthrough Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

Qinghong Fan, Jingrong Shi, Yanhong Yang, Guofang Tang, Mengling Jiang, Jiaojiao Li, Jingyan Tang, Lu Li, Xueliang Wen, Lieguang Zhang, Xizi Deng, Yaping Wang, Yun Lan, Liya Li, Ping Peng, Yuwei Tong, Huan Lu, Lili Yan, Ying Liu, Shuijiang Cai, Yueping Li, Xiaoneng Mo, Meiyu Li, Xilong Deng, Zhongwei Hu, Haisheng Yu, Fengyu Hu, Jinxin Liu (), Xiaoping Tang () and Feng Li ()
Additional contact information
Qinghong Fan: Guangzhou Medical University
Jingrong Shi: Guangzhou Medical University
Yanhong Yang: Guangzhou Medical University
Guofang Tang: Guangzhou Medical University
Mengling Jiang: Guangzhou Medical University
Jiaojiao Li: Guangzhou Medical University
Jingyan Tang: Guangzhou Medical University
Lu Li: Guangzhou Medical University
Xueliang Wen: Guangzhou Medical University
Lieguang Zhang: Guangzhou Medical University
Xizi Deng: Guangzhou Medical University
Yaping Wang: Guangzhou Medical University
Yun Lan: Guangzhou Medical University
Liya Li: Guangzhou Medical University
Ping Peng: Guangzhou Medical University
Yuwei Tong: Guangzhou Medical University
Huan Lu: Guangzhou Medical University
Lili Yan: Guangzhou Medical University
Ying Liu: Guangzhou Medical University
Shuijiang Cai: Guangzhou Medical University
Yueping Li: Guangzhou Medical University
Xiaoneng Mo: Guangzhou Medical University
Meiyu Li: Guangzhou Medical University
Xilong Deng: Guangzhou Medical University
Zhongwei Hu: Guangzhou Medical University
Haisheng Yu: Guangzhou Medical University
Fengyu Hu: Guangzhou Medical University
Jinxin Liu: Guangzhou Medical University
Xiaoping Tang: Guangzhou Medical University
Feng Li: Guangzhou Medical University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Despite timely immunization programs, and efficacious vaccines conveying protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals have been reported. The Delta variant of concern (VOC) outbreak in Guangzhou resulted in local transmission in vaccinated and non-vaccinated residents, providing a unique opportunity to study the protective effects of the inactivated vaccines in breakthrough infection. Here, we find that the 2-dose vaccinated group has similar peak viral titers and comparable speeds of viral RNA clearance to the non-vaccinated group but accelerated viral suppression in the middle course of the disease. We quantitatively demonstrate that peak viral pneumonia is significantly mitigated in the 2-dose vaccine group (median 0.298%) compared with the non-vaccinated (5.77%) and 1-dose vaccine (3.34%) groups. Pneumonia absorbance is approximately 6 days ahead in the 2-dose group (median 10 days) than in the non-vaccinated group (16 days) (p = 0.003). We also observe reduced cytokine inflammation and markedly undisturbed gene transcription profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the 2-dose group. In short, our study demonstrates that prior vaccination substantially restrains pneumonia development, reduces cytokine storms, and facilitates clinical recovery.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31693-7

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