Integration of tumor extrinsic and intrinsic features associates with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer

Denise Lau (), Sonal Khare, Michelle M. Stein, Prerna Jain, Yinjie Gao, Aicha BenTaieb, Tim A. Rand, Ameen A. Salahudeen and Aly A. Khan ()
Additional contact information
Denise Lau: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Sonal Khare: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Michelle M. Stein: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Prerna Jain: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Yinjie Gao: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Aicha BenTaieb: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Tim A. Rand: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Ameen A. Salahudeen: Tempus Labs, Inc.
Aly A. Khan: Tempus Labs, Inc.

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) varies greatly among metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Loss of heterozygosity at the HLA-I locus (HLA-LOH) has been identified as an important immune escape mechanism. However, despite HLA-I disruptions in their tumor, many patients have durable ICB responses. Here we seek to identify HLA-I-independent features associated with ICB response in NSCLC. We use single-cell profiling to identify tumor-infiltrating, clonally expanded CD4+ T cells that express a canonical cytotoxic gene program and NSCLC cells with elevated HLA-II expression. We postulate cytotoxic CD4+ T cells mediate anti-tumor activity via HLA-II on tumor cells and augment HLA-I-dependent cytotoxic CD8+ T cell interactions to drive ICB response in NSCLC. We show that integrating tumor extrinsic cytotoxic gene expression with tumor mutational burden is associated with longer time to progression in a real-world cohort of 123 NSCLC patients treated with ICB regimens, including those with HLA-LOH.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31769-4

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