Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

Stijn P. Andeweg, Brechje Gier, Dirk Eggink, Caroline Ende, Noortje Maarseveen, Lubna Ali, Boris Vlaemynck, Raf Schepers, Susan J. M. Hahné, Chantal B. E. M. Reusken, Hester E. Melker, Susan Hof and Mirjam J. Knol ()
Additional contact information
Stijn P. Andeweg: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Brechje Gier: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Dirk Eggink: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Caroline Ende: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Noortje Maarseveen: Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care
Lubna Ali: Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care
Boris Vlaemynck: SYNLAB
Raf Schepers: SYNLAB
Susan J. M. Hahné: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Chantal B. E. M. Reusken: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Hester E. Melker: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Susan Hof: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Mirjam J. Knol: Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Given the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and the roll-out of booster COVID-19 vaccination, evidence is needed on protection conferred by primary vaccination, booster vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant. We employed a test-negative design on S-gene target failure data from community PCR testing in the Netherlands from 22 November 2021 to 31 March 2022 (n = 671,763). Previous infection, primary vaccination or both protected well against Delta infection. Protection against Omicron BA.1 infection was much lower compared to Delta. Protection was similar against Omicron BA.1 compared to BA.2 infection after previous infection, primary and booster vaccination. Higher protection was observed against all variants in individuals with both vaccination and previous infection compared with either one. Protection against all variants decreased over time since last vaccination or infection. We found that primary vaccination with current COVID-19 vaccines and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections offered low protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection. Booster vaccination considerably increased protection against Omicron infection, but decreased rapidly after vaccination.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31838-8

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