Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults

Hassen Kared (), Asia-Sophia Wolf, Amin Alirezaylavasani, Anthony Ravussin, Guri Solum, Trung The Tran, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, John Torgils Vaage, Lise Sofie Nissen-Meyer, Unni C. Nygaard, Olav Hungnes, Anna H. Robertson, Lisbeth Meyer Næss, Lill Trogstad, Per Magnus, Ludvig A. Munthe () and Siri Mjaaland
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Hassen Kared: University of Oslo
Asia-Sophia Wolf: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Amin Alirezaylavasani: University of Oslo
Anthony Ravussin: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Guri Solum: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Trung The Tran: Oslo University Hospital
Fridtjof Lund-Johansen: Oslo University Hospital
John Torgils Vaage: Oslo University Hospital
Lise Sofie Nissen-Meyer: Oslo University Hospital
Unni C. Nygaard: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Olav Hungnes: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Anna H. Robertson: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Lisbeth Meyer Næss: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Lill Trogstad: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Per Magnus: Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Ludvig A. Munthe: University of Oslo
Siri Mjaaland: Norwegian Institute of Public Health

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape from antibodies in vaccinated individuals. It is unclear how vaccine immunity protects against Omicron infection. Here we show that vaccinated participants at a super-spreader event have robust recall response of humoral and pre-existing cellular immunity induced by the vaccines, and an emergent de novo T cell response to non-Spike antigens. Individuals with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections have significantly increased activated SARS-CoV-2 wild type Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells, activated follicular helper (TFH) cells, functional T cell responses, boosted humoral responses, and rapid release of Spike and RBD-specific IgG+ B cell plasmablasts and memory B cells into circulation. Omicron breakthrough infection affords significantly increased de novo memory T cell responses to non-Spike viral antigens. Concerted T and B cell responses may provide durable and broad immunity.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y

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