Global genomic analyses of wheat powdery mildew reveal association of pathogen spread with historical human migration and trade

Alexandros G. Sotiropoulos (), Epifanía Arango-Isaza, Tomohiro Ban, Chiara Barbieri, Salim Bourras, Christina Cowger, Paweł C. Czembor, Roi Ben-David, Amos Dinoor, Simon R. Ellwood, Johannes Graf, Koichi Hatta, Marcelo Helguera, Javier Sánchez-Martín, Bruce A. McDonald, Alexey I. Morgounov, Marion C. Müller, Vladimir Shamanin, Kentaro K. Shimizu, Taiki Yoshihira, Helen Zbinden, Beat Keller and Thomas Wicker ()
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Alexandros G. Sotiropoulos: University of Zurich
Epifanía Arango-Isaza: University of Zurich
Tomohiro Ban: Yokohama City University
Chiara Barbieri: University of Zurich
Salim Bourras: University of Zurich
Christina Cowger: North Carolina State University
Paweł C. Czembor: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute
Roi Ben-David: Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO-Volcani Center
Amos Dinoor: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Simon R. Ellwood: Curtin University
Johannes Graf: University of Zurich
Koichi Hatta: National Agricultural Research Organization, Sapporo
Marcelo Helguera: Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), INTA
Javier Sánchez-Martín: University of Zurich
Bruce A. McDonald: Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich
Alexey I. Morgounov: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Marion C. Müller: University of Zurich
Vladimir Shamanin: Omsk State Agrarian University
Kentaro K. Shimizu: University of Zurich
Taiki Yoshihira: Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu
Helen Zbinden: University of Zurich
Beat Keller: University of Zurich
Thomas Wicker: University of Zurich

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici causes wheat powdery mildew disease. Here, we study its spread and evolution by analyzing a global sample of 172 mildew genomes. Our analyses show that B.g. tritici emerged in the Fertile Crescent during wheat domestication. After it spread throughout Eurasia, colonization brought it to America, where it hybridized with unknown grass mildew species. Recent trade brought USA strains to Japan, and European strains to China. In both places, they hybridized with local ancestral strains. Thus, although mildew spreads by wind regionally, our results indicate that humans drove its global spread throughout history and that mildew rapidly evolved through hybridization.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31975-0

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