ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) or nCoV-19-Beta (AZD2816) protect Syrian hamsters against Beta Delta and Omicron variants

Neeltje van Doremalen (), Jonathan E. Schulz, Danielle R. Adney, Taylor A. Saturday, Robert J. Fischer, Claude Kwe Yinda, Nazia Thakur, Joseph Newman, Marta Ulaszewska, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Greg Saturday, Alexandra J. Spencer, Dalan Bailey, Colin A. Russell, Sarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe and Vincent J. Munster ()
Additional contact information
Neeltje van Doremalen: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Jonathan E. Schulz: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Danielle R. Adney: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Taylor A. Saturday: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Robert J. Fischer: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Claude Kwe Yinda: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Nazia Thakur: Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright
Joseph Newman: Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright
Marta Ulaszewska: University of Oxford
Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer: University of Oxford
Greg Saturday: Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Alexandra J. Spencer: University of Oxford
Dalan Bailey: Viral Glycoproteins Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright
Colin A. Russell: University of Amsterdam
Sarah C. Gilbert: University of Oxford
Teresa Lambe: University of Oxford
Vincent J. Munster: Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient simian adenovirus–vectored vaccine encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, based on the first published full-length sequence (Wuhan-1). AZD1222 has been shown to have 74% vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease in clinical trials. However, variants of concern (VoCs) have been detected, with substitutions that are associated with a reduction in virus neutralizing antibody titer. Updating vaccines to include S proteins of VoCs may be beneficial, even though current real-world data is suggesting good efficacy following boosting with vaccines encoding the ancestral S protein. Using the Syrian hamster model, we evaluate the effect of a single dose of AZD2816, encoding the S protein of the Beta VoC, and efficacy of AZD1222/AZD2816 as a heterologous primary series against challenge with the Beta or Delta variant. Minimal to no viral sgRNA could be detected in lungs of vaccinated animals obtained at 3- or 5- days post inoculation, in contrast to lungs of control animals. In Omicron-challenged hamsters, a single dose of AZD2816 or AZD1222 reduced virus shedding. Thus, these vaccination regimens are protective against the Beta, Delta, and Omicron VoCs in the hamster model.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32248-6

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