Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth

Xiaolei Wang, Eunice Vincent, Summer Siddiqui, Katherine Turnbull, Hong Lu, Robert Blair, Xueling Wu, Meagan Watkins, Widade Ziani, Jiasheng Shao, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Kasi E. Russell-Lodrigue, Rudolf P. Bohm, Ronald S. Veazey and Huanbin Xu ()
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Xiaolei Wang: Tulane University School of Medicine
Eunice Vincent: Tulane University School of Medicine
Summer Siddiqui: Tulane University School of Medicine
Katherine Turnbull: Tulane University School of Medicine
Hong Lu: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Robert Blair: Tulane University School of Medicine
Xueling Wu: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Meagan Watkins: Tulane University School of Medicine
Widade Ziani: Tulane University School of Medicine
Jiasheng Shao: Tulane University School of Medicine
Lara A. Doyle-Meyers: Tulane University School of Medicine
Kasi E. Russell-Lodrigue: Tulane University School of Medicine
Rudolf P. Bohm: Tulane University School of Medicine
Ronald S. Veazey: Tulane University School of Medicine
Huanbin Xu: Tulane University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected infants generally fails to achieve a sustained state of ART-free virologic remission, even after years of treatment. Our studies show that viral reservoir seeding is different in neonatal macaques intravenously exposed to SIV at birth, in contrast to adults. Furthermore, one month of ART including an integrase inhibitor, initiated at day 3, but not day 4 or 5 post infection, efficiently and rapidly suppresses viremia to undetectable levels. Intervention initiated at day 3 post infection and continued for 9 months achieves a sustained virologic remission in 4 of 5 infants. Collectively, an early intervention strategy within a key timeframe and regimen may result in viral remission or successful post-exposure prophylaxis for neonatal SIV infection, which may be clinically relevant for optimizing treatment strategies for HIV-infected or exposed infants.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32554-z

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