Rainfall and sea level drove the expansion of seasonally flooded habitats and associated bird populations across Amazonia

A. O. Sawakuchi (), E. D. Schultz, F. N. Pupim, D. J. Bertassoli, D. F. Souza, D. F. Cunha, C. E. Mazoca, M. P. Ferreira, C. H. Grohmann, I. D. Wahnfried, C. M. Chiessi, F. W. Cruz, R. P. Almeida and C. C. Ribas
Additional contact information
A. O. Sawakuchi: University of São Paulo
E. D. Schultz: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
F. N. Pupim: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
D. J. Bertassoli: University of São Paulo
D. F. Souza: Gerência de Hidrologia e Gestão Territorial, Serviço Geológico do Brasil (CPRM-SGB)
D. F. Cunha: University of São Paulo
C. E. Mazoca: University of São Paulo
M. P. Ferreira: University of São Paulo
C. H. Grohmann: University of São Paulo
I. D. Wahnfried: Universidade Federal do Amazonas
C. M. Chiessi: University of São Paulo
F. W. Cruz: University of São Paulo
R. P. Almeida: University of São Paulo
C. C. Ribas: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Spatial arrangement of distinct Amazonian environments through time and its effect on specialized biota remain poorly known, fueling long-lasting debates about drivers of biotic diversification. We address the late Quaternary sediment deposition that assembled the world's largest seasonally flooded ecosystems. Genome sequencing was used to reconstruct the demographic history of bird species specialized in either early successional vegetation or mature floodplain forests. Sediment deposition that built seasonally flooded habitats accelerated throughout the Holocene (last 11,700 years) under sea level highstand and intensification of the South American Monsoon, at the same time as global increases in atmospheric methane concentration. Bird populations adapted to seasonally flooded habitats expanded due to enlargement of Amazonian river floodplains and archipelagos. Our findings suggest that the diversification of the biota specialized in seasonally flooded habitats is coupled to sedimentary budget changes of large rivers, which rely on combined effects of sea level and rainfall variations.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32561-0

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