Quantum nonlinear spectroscopy of single nuclear spins

Jonas Meinel, Vadim Vorobyov, Ping Wang, Boris Yavkin, Mathias Pfender, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onoda, Junichi Isoya, Ren-Bao Liu () and J. Wrachtrup ()
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Jonas Meinel: University of Stuttgart
Vadim Vorobyov: University of Stuttgart
Ping Wang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Boris Yavkin: University of Stuttgart
Mathias Pfender: University of Stuttgart
Hitoshi Sumiya: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Shinobu Onoda: National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
Junichi Isoya: University of Tsukuba
Ren-Bao Liu: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
J. Wrachtrup: University of Stuttgart

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Conventional nonlinear spectroscopy, which use classical probes, can only access a limited set of correlations in a quantum system. Here we demonstrate that quantum nonlinear spectroscopy, in which a quantum sensor and a quantum object are first entangled and the sensor is measured along a chosen basis, can extract arbitrary types and orders of correlations in a quantum system. We measured fourth-order correlations of single nuclear spins that cannot be measured in conventional nonlinear spectroscopy, using sequential weak measurement via a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The quantum nonlinear spectroscopy provides fingerprint features to identify different types of objects, such as Gaussian noises, random-phased AC fields, and quantum spins, which would be indistinguishable in second-order correlations. This work constitutes an initial step toward the application of higher-order correlations to quantum sensing, to examining the quantum foundation (by, e.g., higher-order Leggett-Garg inequality), and to studying quantum many-body physics.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32610-8

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