Multiple carbon cycle mechanisms associated with the glaciation of Marine Isotope Stage 4

James A. Menking (), Sarah A. Shackleton, Thomas K. Bauska, Aron M. Buffen, Edward J. Brook, Stephen Barker, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Michael N. Dyonisius and Vasilii V. Petrenko
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James A. Menking: Oregon State University
Sarah A. Shackleton: University of California San Diego
Thomas K. Bauska: British Antarctic Survey
Aron M. Buffen: Oregon State University
Edward J. Brook: Oregon State University
Stephen Barker: Cardiff University
Jeffrey P. Severinghaus: University of California San Diego
Michael N. Dyonisius: Ice, Climate, and Geophysics, Niels Bohr Institute
Vasilii V. Petrenko: University of Rochester

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Here we use high-precision carbon isotope data (δ13C-CO2) to show atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4, ~70.5-59 ka) was controlled by a succession of millennial-scale processes. Enriched δ13C-CO2 during peak glaciation suggests increased ocean carbon storage. Variations in δ13C-CO2 in early MIS 4 suggest multiple processes were active during CO2 drawdown, potentially including decreased land carbon and decreased Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange superposed on increased ocean carbon storage. CO2 remained low during MIS 4 while δ13C-CO2 fluctuations suggest changes in Southern Ocean and North Atlantic air-sea gas exchange. A 7 ppm increase in CO2 at the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger event 19 (72.1 ka) and 27 ppm increase in CO2 during late MIS 4 (Heinrich Stadial 6, ~63.5-60 ka) involved additions of isotopically light carbon to the atmosphere. The terrestrial biosphere and Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange are possible sources, with the latter event also involving decreased ocean carbon storage.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33166-3

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