Spike-antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination by demographic and clinical factors in a prospective community cohort study

Madhumita Shrotri, Ellen Fragaszy, Vincent Nguyen, Annalan M. D. Navaratnam, Cyril Geismar, Sarah Beale, Jana Kovar, Thomas E. Byrne, Wing Lam Erica Fong, Parth Patel, Anna Aryee, Isobel Braithwaite, Anne M. Johnson, Alison Rodger, Andrew C. Hayward and Robert W. Aldridge ()
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Madhumita Shrotri: University College London
Ellen Fragaszy: University College London
Vincent Nguyen: University College London
Annalan M. D. Navaratnam: University College London
Cyril Geismar: University College London
Sarah Beale: University College London
Jana Kovar: University College London
Thomas E. Byrne: University College London
Wing Lam Erica Fong: University College London
Parth Patel: University College London
Anna Aryee: University College London
Isobel Braithwaite: University College London
Anne M. Johnson: University College London
Alison Rodger: University College London
Andrew C. Hayward: University College London
Robert W. Aldridge: University College London

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Vaccination constitutes the best long-term solution against Coronavirus Disease-2019; however, vaccine-derived immunity may not protect all groups equally, and the durability of protective antibodies may be short. We evaluate Spike-antibody responses following BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S vaccination amongst SARS-CoV2-naive adults across England and Wales enrolled in a prospective cohort study (Virus Watch). Here we show BNT162b2 recipients achieved higher peak antibody levels after two doses; however, both groups experience substantial antibody waning over time. In 8356 individuals submitting a sample ≥28 days after Dose 2, we observe significantly reduced Spike-antibody levels following two doses amongst individuals reporting conditions and therapies that cause immunosuppression. After adjusting for these, several common chronic conditions also appear to attenuate the antibody response. These findings suggest the need to continue prioritising vulnerable groups, who have been vaccinated earliest and have the most attenuated antibody responses, for future boosters.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33550-z

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