Direct observations of energy transfer from resonant electrons to whistler-mode waves in magnetosheath of Earth

N. Kitamura (), T. Amano, Y. Omura, S. A. Boardsen, D. J. Gershman, Y. Miyoshi, M. Kitahara, Y. Katoh, H. Kojima, S. Nakamura, M. Shoji, Y. Saito, S. Yokota, B. L. Giles, W. R. Paterson, C. J. Pollock, A. C. Barrie, D. G. Skeberdis, S. Kreisler, O. Le Contel, C. T. Russell, R. J. Strangeway, P.-A. Lindqvist, R. E. Ergun, R. B. Torbert and J. L. Burch
Additional contact information
N. Kitamura: Nagoya University
T. Amano: the University of Tokyo
Y. Omura: Kyoto University
S. A. Boardsen: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
D. J. Gershman: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Y. Miyoshi: Nagoya University
M. Kitahara: Tohoku University
Y. Katoh: Tohoku University
H. Kojima: Kyoto University
S. Nakamura: Nagoya University
M. Shoji: Nagoya University
Y. Saito: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
S. Yokota: Osaka University
B. L. Giles: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
W. R. Paterson: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
C. J. Pollock: Denali Scientific
A. C. Barrie: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
D. G. Skeberdis: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
S. Kreisler: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
O. Le Contel: CNRS/Sorbonne Université/Université Paris-Saclay/Observatoire de Paris/Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris
C. T. Russell: University of California
R. J. Strangeway: University of California
P.-A. Lindqvist: Royal Institute of Technology
R. E. Ergun: University of Colorado
R. B. Torbert: University of New Hampshire
J. L. Burch: Southwest Research Institute

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Electromagnetic whistler-mode waves in space plasmas play critical roles in collisionless energy transfer between the electrons and the electromagnetic field. Although resonant interactions have been considered as the likely generation process of the waves, observational identification has been extremely difficult due to the short time scale of resonant electron dynamics. Here we show strong nongyrotropy, which rotate with the wave, of cyclotron resonant electrons as direct evidence for the locally ongoing secular energy transfer from the resonant electrons to the whistler-mode waves using ultra-high temporal resolution data obtained by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the magnetosheath. The nongyrotropic electrons carry a resonant current, which is the energy source of the wave as predicted by the nonlinear wave growth theory. This result proves the nonlinear wave growth theory, and furthermore demonstrates that the degree of nongyrotropy, which cannot be predicted even by that nonlinear theory, can be studied by observations.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33604-2

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