SARS-COV-2 antibody responses to AZD1222 vaccination in West Africa

Adam Abdullahi, David Oladele, Michael Owusu, Steven A. Kemp, James Ayorinde, Abideen Salako, Douglas Fink, Fehintola Ige, Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira, Bo Meng, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Chika Onwuamah, Kwame Ofori Boadu, Kazeem Osuolale, James Opoku Frimpong, Rufai Abubakar, Azuka Okuruawe, Haruna Wisso Abdullahi, Gideon Liboro, Lawrence Duah Agyemang, Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng, Oluwatosin Odubela, Gregory Ohihoin, Oliver Ezechi, Japhet Senyo Kamasah, Emmanuel Ameyaw, Joshua Arthur, Derrick Boakye Kyei, Dorcas Ohui Owusu, Olagoke Usman, Sunday Mogaji, Adedamola Dada, George Agyei, Soraya Ebrahimi, Lourdes Ceron Gutierrez, Sani H. Aliyu, Rainer Doffinger, Rosemary Audu, Richard Adegbola, Petra Mlcochova (), Richard Odame Phillips (), Babatunde Lawal Solako () and Ravindra K. Gupta ()
Additional contact information
Adam Abdullahi: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)
David Oladele: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Michael Owusu: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Steven A. Kemp: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)
James Ayorinde: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Abideen Salako: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Douglas Fink: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Fehintola Ige: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Isabella A. T. M. Ferreira: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)
Bo Meng: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)
Augustina Angelina Sylverken: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Chika Onwuamah: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Kwame Ofori Boadu: Kumasi South Hospital
Kazeem Osuolale: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
James Opoku Frimpong: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Rufai Abubakar: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Azuka Okuruawe: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Haruna Wisso Abdullahi: Institute of Human Virology
Gideon Liboro: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Lawrence Duah Agyemang: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Oluwatosin Odubela: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Gregory Ohihoin: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Oliver Ezechi: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Japhet Senyo Kamasah: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Emmanuel Ameyaw: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Joshua Arthur: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Derrick Boakye Kyei: Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine
Dorcas Ohui Owusu: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Olagoke Usman: Federal Medical Centre
Sunday Mogaji: Federal Medical Centre
Adedamola Dada: Federal Medical Centre
George Agyei: Kwadaso Seventh Day Adventist Hospital
Soraya Ebrahimi: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Lourdes Ceron Gutierrez: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Sani H. Aliyu: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Rainer Doffinger: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Rosemary Audu: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Richard Adegbola: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Petra Mlcochova: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)
Richard Odame Phillips: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Babatunde Lawal Solako: Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Ravindra K. Gupta: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID)

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Real-world data on vaccine-elicited neutralising antibody responses for two-dose AZD1222 in African populations are limited. We assessed baseline SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and levels of protective neutralizing antibodies prior to vaccination rollout using binding antibodies analysis coupled with pseudotyped virus neutralisation assays in two cohorts from West Africa: Nigerian healthcare workers (n = 140) and a Ghanaian community cohort (n = 527) pre and post vaccination. We found 44 and 28% of pre-vaccination participants showed IgG anti-N positivity, increasing to 59 and 39% respectively with anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG-specific antibodies. Previous IgG anti-N positivity significantly increased post two-dose neutralizing antibody titres in both populations. Serological evidence of breakthrough infection was observed in 8/49 (16%). Neutralising antibodies were observed to wane in both populations, especially in anti-N negative participants with an observed waning rate of 20% highlighting the need for a combination of additional markers to characterise previous infection. We conclude that AZD1222 is immunogenic in two independent West African cohorts with high background seroprevalence and incidence of breakthrough infection in 2021. Waning titres post second dose indicates the need for booster dosing after AZD1222 in the African setting despite hybrid immunity from previous infection.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33792-x

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