Altered glycolysis triggers impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mTORC1 activation in diabetic β-cells

Elizabeth Haythorne (), Matthew Lloyd, John Walsby-Tickle, Andrei I. Tarasov, Jonas Sandbrink, Idoia Portillo, Raul Terron Exposito, Gregor Sachse, Malgorzata Cyranka, Maria Rohm, Patrik Rorsman, James McCullagh and Frances M. Ashcroft ()
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Elizabeth Haythorne: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Matthew Lloyd: University of Oxford, Parks Road
John Walsby-Tickle: University of Oxford
Andrei I. Tarasov: Ulster University
Jonas Sandbrink: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Idoia Portillo: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Raul Terron Exposito: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Gregor Sachse: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Malgorzata Cyranka: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Maria Rohm: University of Oxford, Parks Road
Patrik Rorsman: University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital
James McCullagh: University of Oxford
Frances M. Ashcroft: University of Oxford, Parks Road

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Chronic hyperglycaemia causes a dramatic decrease in mitochondrial metabolism and insulin content in pancreatic β-cells. This underlies the progressive decline in β-cell function in diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia produces these effects remain unresolved. Using isolated islets and INS-1 cells, we show here that one or more glycolytic metabolites downstream of phosphofructokinase and upstream of GAPDH mediates the effects of chronic hyperglycemia. This metabolite stimulates marked upregulation of mTORC1 and concomitant downregulation of AMPK. Increased mTORC1 activity causes inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase which reduces pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and partially accounts for the hyperglycaemia-induced reduction in oxidative phosphorylation and insulin secretion. In addition, hyperglycaemia (or diabetes) dramatically inhibits GAPDH activity, thereby impairing glucose metabolism. Our data also reveal that restricting glucose metabolism during hyperglycaemia prevents these changes and thus may be of therapeutic benefit. In summary, we have identified a pathway by which chronic hyperglycaemia reduces β-cell function.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34095-x

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