Arctic introgression and chromatin regulation facilitated rapid Qinghai-Tibet Plateau colonization by an avian predator

Li Hu, Juan Long, Yi Lin, Zhongru Gu, Han Su, Xuemin Dong, Zhenzhen Lin, Qian Xiao, Nyambayar Batbayar, Batbayar Bold, Lucia Deutschová, Sergey Ganusevich, Vasiliy Sokolov, Aleksandr Sokolov, Hardip R. Patel, Paul D. Waters, Jennifer Ann Marshall Graves, Andrew Dixon, Shengkai Pan () and Xiangjiang Zhan ()
Additional contact information
Li Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Juan Long: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yi Lin: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhongru Gu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Han Su: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xuemin Dong: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhenzhen Lin: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qian Xiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nyambayar Batbayar: Wildlife Science and Conservation Center
Batbayar Bold: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lucia Deutschová: Raptor Protection of Slovakia
Sergey Ganusevich: Wild Animal Rescue Centre
Vasiliy Sokolov: Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences
Aleksandr Sokolov: Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences
Hardip R. Patel: Australian National University
Paul D. Waters: Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney
Jennifer Ann Marshall Graves: La Trobe University
Andrew Dixon: Al Mamoura Building (A)
Shengkai Pan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiangjiang Zhan: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), possesses a climate as cold as that of the Arctic, and also presents uniquely low oxygen concentrations and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation. QTP animals have adapted to these extreme conditions, but whether they obtained genetic variations from the Arctic during cold adaptation, and how genomic mutations in non-coding regions regulate gene expression under hypoxia and intense UV environment, remain largely unknown. Here, we assemble a high-quality saker falcon genome and resequence populations across Eurasia. We identify female-biased hybridization with Arctic gyrfalcons in the last glacial maximum, that endowed eastern sakers with alleles conveying larger body size and changes in fat metabolism, predisposing their QTP cold adaptation. We discover that QTP hypoxia and UV adaptations mainly involve independent changes in non-coding genomic variants. Our study highlights key roles of gene flow from Arctic relatives during QTP hypothermia adaptation, and cis-regulatory elements during hypoxic response and UV protection.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34138-3

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