Genomic signatures associated with maintenance of genome stability and venom turnover in two parasitoid wasps

Xinhai Ye, Yi Yang, Can Zhao, Shan Xiao, Yu H. Sun, Chun He, Shijiao Xiong, Xianxin Zhao, Bo Zhang, Haiwei Lin, Jiamin Shi, Yang Mei, Hongxing Xu, Qi Fang, Fei Wu, Dunsong Li () and Gongyin Ye ()
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Xinhai Ye: Zhejiang University
Yi Yang: Zhejiang University
Can Zhao: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection
Shan Xiao: Zhejiang University
Yu H. Sun: University of Rochester
Chun He: Zhejiang University
Shijiao Xiong: Zhejiang University
Xianxin Zhao: Zhejiang University
Bo Zhang: Zhejiang University
Haiwei Lin: Zhejiang University
Jiamin Shi: Zhejiang University
Yang Mei: Zhejiang University
Hongxing Xu: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Qi Fang: Zhejiang University
Fei Wu: Zhejiang University
Dunsong Li: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection
Gongyin Ye: Zhejiang University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Parasitoid wasps are rapidly developing as a model for evolutionary biology. Here we present chromosomal genomes of two Anastatus wasps, A. japonicus and A. fulloi, and leverage these genomes to study two fundamental questions—genome size evolution and venom evolution. Anastatus shows a much larger genome than is known among other wasps, with unexpectedly recent bursts of LTR retrotransposons. Importantly, several genomic innovations, including Piwi gene family expansion, ubiquitous Piwi expression profiles, as well as transposable element-piRNA coevolution, have likely emerged for transposable element silencing to maintain genomic stability. Additionally, we show that the co-option evolution arose by expression shifts in the venom gland plays a dominant role in venom turnover. We also highlight the potential importance of non-venom genes that are coexpressed with venom genes during venom evolution. Our findings greatly advance the current understanding of genome size evolution and venom evolution, and these genomic resources will facilitate comparative genomics studies of insects in the future.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34202-y

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