Experimental realization of an extended Fermi-Hubbard model using a 2D lattice of dopant-based quantum dots

Xiqiao Wang, Ehsan Khatami, Fan Fei, Jonathan Wyrick, Pradeep Namboodiri, Ranjit Kashid, Albert F. Rigosi, Garnett Bryant and Richard Silver ()
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Xiqiao Wang: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ehsan Khatami: San José State University
Fan Fei: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Jonathan Wyrick: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Pradeep Namboodiri: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ranjit Kashid: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Albert F. Rigosi: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Garnett Bryant: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Richard Silver: National Institute of Standards and Technology

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The Hubbard model is an essential tool for understanding many-body physics in condensed matter systems. Artificial lattices of dopants in silicon are a promising method for the analog quantum simulation of extended Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonians in the strong interaction regime. However, complex atom-based device fabrication requirements have meant emulating a tunable two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian in silicon has not been achieved. Here, we fabricate 3 × 3 arrays of single/few-dopant quantum dots with finite disorder and demonstrate tuning of the electron ensemble using gates and probe the many-body states using quantum transport measurements. By controlling the lattice constants, we tune the hopping amplitude and long-range interactions and observe the finite-size analogue of a transition from metallic to Mott insulating behavior. We simulate thermally activated hopping and Hubbard band formation using increased temperatures. As atomically precise fabrication continues to improve, these results enable a new class of engineered artificial lattices to simulate interactive fermionic models.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34220-w

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