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FOXA1 repression drives lineage plasticity and immune heterogeneity in bladder cancers with squamous differentiation

Joshua I. Warrick, Wenhuo Hu, Hironobu Yamashita, Vonn Walter, Lauren Shuman, Jenna M. Craig, Lan L. Gellert, Mauro A. A. Castro, A. Gordon Robertson, Fengshen Kuo, Irina Ostrovnaya, Judy Sarungbam, Ying-bei Chen, Anuradha Gopalan, Sahussapont J. Sirintrapun, Samson W. Fine, Satish K. Tickoo, Kwanghee Kim, Jasmine Thomas, Nagar Karan, Sizhi Paul Gao, Timothy N. Clinton, Andrew T. Lenis, Timothy A. Chan, Ziyu Chen, Manisha Rao, Travis J. Hollman, Yanyun Li, Nicholas D. Socci, Shweta Chavan, Agnes Viale, Neeman Mohibullah, Bernard H. Bochner, Eugene J. Pietzak, Min Yuen Teo, Gopa Iyer, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Dean F. Bajorin, Matthew Kaag, Suzanne B. Merrill, Monika Joshi, Rosalyn Adam, John A. Taylor, Peter E. Clark, Jay D. Raman, Victor E. Reuter, Yu Chen, Samuel A. Funt, David B. Solit, David J. DeGraff () and Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie ()
Additional contact information
Joshua I. Warrick: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Wenhuo Hu: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Hironobu Yamashita: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Vonn Walter: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Lauren Shuman: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Jenna M. Craig: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Lan L. Gellert: Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Mauro A. A. Castro: Federal University of Parana
A. Gordon Robertson: Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
Fengshen Kuo: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Irina Ostrovnaya: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Judy Sarungbam: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Ying-bei Chen: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Anuradha Gopalan: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Sahussapont J. Sirintrapun: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Samson W. Fine: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Satish K. Tickoo: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Kwanghee Kim: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Jasmine Thomas: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Nagar Karan: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Sizhi Paul Gao: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Timothy N. Clinton: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Andrew T. Lenis: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Timothy A. Chan: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Ziyu Chen: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Manisha Rao: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Travis J. Hollman: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Yanyun Li: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Nicholas D. Socci: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Shweta Chavan: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Agnes Viale: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Neeman Mohibullah: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Bernard H. Bochner: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Eugene J. Pietzak: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Min Yuen Teo: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Gopa Iyer: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Jonathan E. Rosenberg: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Dean F. Bajorin: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Matthew Kaag: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Suzanne B. Merrill: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Monika Joshi: Penn State Cancer Institute
Rosalyn Adam: Boston Children’s Hospital
John A. Taylor: University of Kansas Medical Center
Peter E. Clark: Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health
Jay D. Raman: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Victor E. Reuter: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Yu Chen: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Samuel A. Funt: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
David B. Solit: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
David J. DeGraff: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Cancers arising from the bladder urothelium often exhibit lineage plasticity with regions of urothelial carcinoma adjacent to or admixed with regions of divergent histomorphology, most commonly squamous differentiation. To define the biologic basis for and clinical significance of this morphologic heterogeneity, here we perform integrated genomic analyses of mixed histology bladder cancers with separable regions of urothelial and squamous differentiation. We find that squamous differentiation is a marker of intratumoral genomic and immunologic heterogeneity in patients with bladder cancer and a biomarker of intrinsic immunotherapy resistance. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that in all cases the urothelial and squamous regions are derived from a common shared precursor. Despite the presence of marked genomic heterogeneity between co-existent urothelial and squamous differentiated regions, no recurrent genomic alteration exclusive to the urothelial or squamous morphologies is identified. Rather, lineage plasticity in bladder cancers with squamous differentiation is associated with loss of expression of FOXA1, GATA3, and PPARG, transcription factors critical for maintenance of urothelial cell identity. Of clinical significance, lineage plasticity and PD-L1 expression is coordinately dysregulated via FOXA1, with patients exhibiting morphologic heterogeneity pre-treatment significantly less likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34251-3

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