Gate-tunable quantum pathways of high harmonic generation in graphene

Soonyoung Cha, Minjeong Kim, Youngjae Kim, Shinyoung Choi, Sejong Kang, Hoon Kim, Sangho Yoon, Gunho Moon, Taeho Kim, Ye Won Lee, Gil Young Cho, Moon Jeong Park, Cheol-Joo Kim, B. J. Kim, JaeDong Lee (), Moon-Ho Jo () and Jonghwan Kim ()
Additional contact information
Soonyoung Cha: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Minjeong Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Youngjae Kim: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Shinyoung Choi: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Sejong Kang: Pohang University of Science and Technology
Hoon Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Sangho Yoon: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Gunho Moon: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Taeho Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Ye Won Lee: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Gil Young Cho: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Moon Jeong Park: Pohang University of Science and Technology
Cheol-Joo Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
B. J. Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
JaeDong Lee: Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
Moon-Ho Jo: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
Jonghwan Kim: Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Under strong laser fields, electrons in solids radiate high-harmonic fields by travelling through quantum pathways in Bloch bands in the sub-laser-cycle timescales. Understanding these pathways in the momentum space through the high-harmonic radiation can enable an all-optical ultrafast probe to observe coherent lightwave-driven processes and measure electronic structures as recently demonstrated for semiconductors. However, such demonstration has been largely limited for semimetals because the absence of the bandgap hinders an experimental characterization of the exact pathways. In this study, by combining electrostatic control of chemical potentials with HHG measurement, we resolve quantum pathways of massless Dirac fermions in graphene under strong laser fields. Electrical modulation of HHG reveals quantum interference between the multi-photon interband excitation channels. As the light-matter interaction deviates beyond the perturbative regime, elliptically polarized laser fields efficiently drive massless Dirac fermions via an intricate coupling between the interband and intraband transitions, which is corroborated by our theoretical calculations. Our findings pave the way for strong-laser-field tomography of Dirac electrons in various quantum semimetals and their ultrafast electronics with a gate control.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34337-y

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