Multimodal analysis demonstrating the shaping of functional gradients in the marmoset brain

Chuanjun Tong, Cirong Liu, Kaiwei Zhang, Binshi Bo, Ying Xia, Hao Yang, Yanqiu Feng () and Zhifeng Liang ()
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Chuanjun Tong: Southern Medical University
Cirong Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kaiwei Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Binshi Bo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ying Xia: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hao Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yanqiu Feng: Southern Medical University
Zhifeng Liang: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract The discovery of functional gradients introduce a new perspective in understanding the cortical spectrum of intrinsic dynamics, as it captures major axes of functional connectivity in low-dimensional space. However, how functional gradients arise and dynamically vary remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the biological basis of functional gradients using awake resting-state fMRI, retrograde tracing and gene expression datasets in marmosets. We found functional gradients in marmosets showed a sensorimotor-to-visual principal gradient followed by a unimodal-to-multimodal gradient, resembling functional gradients in human children. Although strongly constrained by structural wirings, functional gradients were dynamically modulated by arousal levels. Utilizing a reduced model, we uncovered opposing effects on gradient dynamics by structural connectivity (inverted U-shape) and neuromodulatory input (U-shape) with arousal fluctuations, and dissected the contribution of individual neuromodulatory receptors. This study provides insights into biological basis of functional gradients by revealing the interaction between structural connectivity and ascending neuromodulatory system.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34371-w

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