Mapping structure heterogeneities and visualizing moisture degradation of perovskite films with nano-focus WAXS

Nian Li, Shambhavi Pratap, Volker Körstgens, Sundeep Vema, Lin Song, Suzhe Liang, Anton Davydok, Christina Krywka and Peter Müller-Buschbaum ()
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Nian Li: Technische Universität München
Shambhavi Pratap: Technische Universität München
Volker Körstgens: Technische Universität München
Sundeep Vema: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Lin Song: Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Youyixilu 127
Suzhe Liang: Technische Universität München
Anton Davydok: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1
Christina Krywka: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1
Peter Müller-Buschbaum: Technische Universität München

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Extensive attention has focused on the structure optimization of perovskites, whereas rare research has mapped the structure heterogeneity within mixed hybrid perovskite films. Overlooked aspects include material and structure variations as a function of depth. These depth-dependent local structure heterogeneities dictate their long-term stabilities and efficiencies. Here, we use a nano-focused wide-angle X-ray scattering method for the mapping of film heterogeneities over several micrometers across lateral and vertical directions. The relative variations of characteristic perovskite peak positions show that the top film region bears the tensile strain. Through a texture orientation map of the perovskite (100) peak, we find that the perovskite grains deposited by sequential spray-coating grow along the vertical direction. Moreover, we investigate the moisture-induced degradation products in the perovskite film, and the underlying mechanism for its structure-dependent degradation. The moisture degradation along the lateral direction primarily initiates at the perovskite-air interface and grain boundaries. The tensile strain on the top surface has a profound influence on the moisture degradation.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34426-y

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