Identification of visual cortex cell types and species differences using single-cell RNA sequencing

Jia-Ru Wei, Zhao-Zhe Hao, Chuan Xu, Mengyao Huang, Lei Tang, Nana Xu, Ruifeng Liu, Yuhui Shen, Sarah A. Teichmann (), Zhichao Miao () and Sheng Liu ()
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Jia-Ru Wei: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Zhao-Zhe Hao: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Chuan Xu: Wellcome Genome Campus
Mengyao Huang: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Lei Tang: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Nana Xu: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Ruifeng Liu: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Yuhui Shen: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Sarah A. Teichmann: Wellcome Genome Campus
Zhichao Miao: Guangzhou Medical University
Sheng Liu: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Abstract The primate neocortex exerts high cognitive ability and strong information processing capacity. Here, we establish a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of 133,454 macaque visual cortical cells. It covers major cortical cell classes including 25 excitatory neuron types, 37 inhibitory neuron types and all glial cell types. We identified layer-specific markers including HPCAL1 and NXPH4, and also identified two cell types, an NPY-expressing excitatory neuron type that expresses the dopamine receptor D3 gene; and a primate specific activity-dependent OSTN + sensory neuron type. Comparisons of our dataset with humans and mice show that the gene expression profiles differ between species in relation to genes that are implicated in the synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation of excitatory neurons. The comparisons also revealed that glutamatergic neurons may be more diverse across species than GABAergic neurons and non-neuronal cells. These findings pave the way for understanding how the primary cortex fulfills the high-cognitive functions.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34590-1

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