Ruminant inner ear shape records 35 million years of neutral evolution

Bastien Mennecart (), Ilya Dziomber, Manuela Aiglstorfer, Faysal Bibi, Daniel DeMiguel, Masaki Fujita, Mugino O. Kubo, Flavie Laurens, Jin Meng, Grégoire Métais, Bert Müller, María Ríos, Gertrud E. Rössner, Israel M. Sánchez, Georg Schulz, Shiqi Wang and Loïc Costeur
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Bastien Mennecart: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel
Ilya Dziomber: University of Bern
Manuela Aiglstorfer: Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz / Landessammlung für Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz
Faysal Bibi: Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science
Daniel DeMiguel: Fundación ARAID
Masaki Fujita: National Museum of Nature and Science
Mugino O. Kubo: The University of Tokyo
Flavie Laurens: Swiss National Data and Service Center for the Humanities
Jin Meng: City University of New York
Grégoire Métais: Sorbonne Université. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle
Bert Müller: University of Basel
María Ríos: Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica
Gertrud E. Rössner: Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
Israel M. Sánchez: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Georg Schulz: University of Basel
Shiqi Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Loïc Costeur: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Extrinsic and intrinsic factors impact diversity. On deep-time scales, the extrinsic impact of climate and geology are crucial, but poorly understood. Here, we use the inner ear morphology of ruminant artiodactyls to test for a deep-time correlation between a low adaptive anatomical structure and both extrinsic and intrinsic variables. We apply geometric morphometric analyses in a phylogenetic frame to X-ray computed tomographic data from 191 ruminant species. Contrasting results across ruminant clades show that neutral evolutionary processes over time may strongly influence the evolution of inner ear morphology. Extant, ecologically diversified clades increase their evolutionary rate with decreasing Cenozoic global temperatures. Evolutionary rate peaks with the colonization of new continents. Simultaneously, ecologically restricted clades show declining or unchanged rates. These results suggest that both climate and paleogeography produced heterogeneous environments, which likely facilitated Cervidae and Bovidae diversification and exemplifies the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on evolution in ruminants.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34656-0

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