Controlling Floquet states on ultrashort time scales

Matteo Lucchini (), Fabio Medeghini, Yingxuan Wu, Federico Vismarra, Rocío Borrego-Varillas, Aurora Crego, Fabio Frassetto, Luca Poletto, Shunsuke A. Sato, Hannes Hübener, Umberto Giovannini, Ángel Rubio and Mauro Nisoli
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Matteo Lucchini: Politecnico di Milano
Fabio Medeghini: Politecnico di Milano
Yingxuan Wu: Politecnico di Milano
Federico Vismarra: Politecnico di Milano
Rocío Borrego-Varillas: IFN-CNR
Aurora Crego: IFN-CNR
Fabio Frassetto: IFN-CNR
Luca Poletto: IFN-CNR
Shunsuke A. Sato: University of Tsukuba
Hannes Hübener: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
Umberto Giovannini: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
Ángel Rubio: Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
Mauro Nisoli: Politecnico di Milano

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The advent of ultrafast laser science offers the unique opportunity to combine Floquet engineering with extreme time resolution, further pushing the optical control of matter into the petahertz domain. However, what is the shortest driving pulse for which Floquet states can be realised remains an unsolved matter, thus limiting the application of Floquet theory to pulses composed by many optical cycles. Here we ionized Ne atoms with few-femtosecond pulses of selected time duration and show that a Floquet state can be observed already with a driving field that lasts for only 10 cycles. For shorter pulses, down to 2 cycles, the finite lifetime of the driven state can still be explained using an analytical model based on Floquet theory. By demonstrating that the amplitude and number of Floquet-like sidebands in the photoelectron spectrum can be controlled not only with the driving laser pulse intensity and frequency, but also by its duration, our results add a new lever to the toolbox of Floquet engineering.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34973-4

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