Comparison of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australian children

Zheng Quan Toh, Nadia Mazarakis, Jill Nguyen, Rachel A. Higgins, Jeremy Anderson, Lien Anh Ha Do, David P. Burgner, Nigel Curtis, Andrew C. Steer, Kim Mulholland, Nigel W. Crawford, Shidan Tosif and Paul V. Licciardi ()
Additional contact information
Zheng Quan Toh: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Nadia Mazarakis: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Jill Nguyen: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Rachel A. Higgins: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Jeremy Anderson: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Lien Anh Ha Do: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
David P. Burgner: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Nigel Curtis: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Andrew C. Steer: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Kim Mulholland: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Nigel W. Crawford: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Shidan Tosif: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Paul V. Licciardi: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-5

Abstract: Abstract There is limited understanding of antibody responses in children across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. As part of an ongoing household cohort study, we assessed the antibody response among unvaccinated children infected with Wuhan, Delta, or Omicron variants, as well as vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection, using a SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG assay and surrogate virus neutralization test (% inhibition). Most children infected with Delta (100%, 35/35) or Omicron (81.3%, 13/16) variants seroconverted by one month following infection. In contrast, 37.5% (21/56) children infected with Wuhan seroconverted, as previously reported. However, Omicron-infected children (geometric mean concentration 46.4 binding antibody units/ml; % inhibition = 16.3%) mounted a significantly lower antibody response than Delta (435.5 binding antibody untis/mL, % inhibition = 76.9%) or Wuhan (359.0 binding antibody units/mL, % inhibition = 74.0%). Vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection mounted the highest antibody response (2856 binding antibody units/mL, % inhibition = 96.5%). Our findings suggest that despite a high seropositivity rate, Omicron infection in children results in lower antibody levels and function compared with Wuhan or Delta infection or with vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection. Our data have important implications for public health measures and vaccination strategies to protect children.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34983-2

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