South Asian black carbon is threatening the water sustainability of the Asian Water Tower

Junhua Yang, Shichang Kang (), Deliang Chen, Lin Zhao, Zhenming Ji, Keqin Duan, Haijun Deng, Lekhendra Tripathee, Wentao Du, Mukesh Rai, Fangping Yan, Yuan Li and Robert R. Gillies ()
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Junhua Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shichang Kang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Deliang Chen: University of Gothenburg
Lin Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhenming Ji: Sun Yat-sen University
Keqin Duan: Shaanxi Normal University
Haijun Deng: Fujian Normal University
Lekhendra Tripathee: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wentao Du: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mukesh Rai: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fangping Yan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yuan Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Robert R. Gillies: Utah State University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Long-range transport of black carbon from South Asia to the Tibetan plateau and its deposition on glaciers directly enhances glacier melt. Here we find South Asian black carbon also has an indirect effect on the plateau’s glaciers shrinkage by acting to reduce the water supply over the southern Tibetan plateau. Black carbon enhances vertical convection and cloud condensation, which results in water vapor depletion over the Indian subcontinent that is the main moisture flux source for the southern Tibetan plateau. Increasing concentrations of black carbon causes a decrease in summer precipitation over the southern Tibetan plateau, resulting in 11.0% glacier deficit mass balance on average from 2007 to 2016; this loss rises to 22.1% in the Himalayas. The direct (accelerated melt) and indirect (mass supply decrease) effects of black carbon are driving the glacial mass decline of the so-called “Asian Water Tower”.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35128-1

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