Optical-resolution functional gastrointestinal photoacoustic endoscopy based on optical heterodyne detection of ultrasound

Yizhi Liang, Wubing Fu, Qiang Li, Xiaolong Chen, Huojiao Sun, Lidai Wang, Long Jin (), Wei Huang () and Bai-Ou Guan ()
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Yizhi Liang: Jinan University
Wubing Fu: Jinan University
Qiang Li: Jinan University
Xiaolong Chen: Jinan University
Huojiao Sun: Jinan University
Lidai Wang: City University of Hong Kong
Long Jin: Jinan University
Wei Huang: Jinan University
Bai-Ou Guan: Jinan University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Photoacoustic endoscopy shows promise in the detection of gastrointestinal cancer, inflammation, and other lesions. High-resolution endoscopic imaging of the hemodynamic response necessitates a small-sized, high-sensitivity ultrasound sensor. Here, we utilize a laser ultrasound sensor to develop a miniaturized, optical-resolution photoacoustic endoscope. The sensor can boost the acoustic response by a gain factor of ωo/Ω (the frequency ratio of the signal light and measured ultrasound) by measuring the acoustically induced optical phase change. As a result, we achieve a noise-equivalent pressure density (NEPD) below 1.5 mPa·Hz−1/2 over the measured range of 5 to 25 MHz. The heterodyne phase detection using dual-frequency laser beams of the sensor can offer resistance to thermal drift and vibrational perturbations. The endoscope is used to in vivo image a rat rectum and visualize the oxygen saturation changes during acute inflammation, which can hardly be observed with other imaging modalities.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35259-5

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