Torsional periodic lattice distortions and diffraction of twisted 2D materials

Suk Hyun Sung, Yin Min Goh, Hyobin Yoo, Rebecca Engelke, Hongchao Xie, Kuan Zhang, Zidong Li, Andrew Ye, Parag B. Deotare, Ellad B. Tadmor, Andrew J. Mannix, Jiwoong Park, Liuyan Zhao, Philip Kim and Robert Hovden ()
Additional contact information
Suk Hyun Sung: University of Michigan
Yin Min Goh: University of Michigan
Hyobin Yoo: Sogang University
Rebecca Engelke: Harvard University
Hongchao Xie: University of Michigan
Kuan Zhang: University of Minnesota
Zidong Li: University of Michigan
Andrew Ye: University of Chicago
Parag B. Deotare: University of Michigan
Ellad B. Tadmor: University of Minnesota
Andrew J. Mannix: Stanford University
Jiwoong Park: University of Chicago
Liuyan Zhao: University of Michigan
Philip Kim: Harvard University
Robert Hovden: University of Michigan

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Twisted 2D materials form complex moiré structures that spontaneously reduce symmetry through picoscale deformation within a mesoscale lattice. We show twisted 2D materials contain a torsional displacement field comprised of three transverse periodic lattice distortions (PLD). The torsional PLD amplitude provides a single order parameter that concisely describes the structural complexity of twisted bilayer moirés. Moreover, the structure and amplitude of a torsional periodic lattice distortion is quantifiable using rudimentary electron diffraction methods sensitive to reciprocal space. In twisted bilayer graphene, the torsional PLD begins to form at angles below 3.89° and the amplitude reaches 8 pm around the magic angle of 1. 1°. At extremely low twist angles (e.g. below 0.25°) the amplitude increases and additional PLD harmonics arise to expand Bernal stacked domains separated by well defined solitonic boundaries. The torsional distortion field in twisted bilayer graphene is analytically described and has an upper bound of 22.6 pm. Similar torsional distortions are observed in twisted WS2, CrI3, and WSe2/MoSe2.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35477-x

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