Design of a self-driven probiotic-CRISPR/Cas9 nanosystem for sono-immunometabolic cancer therapy

Jifeng Yu, Bangguo Zhou, Shen Zhang, Haohao Yin (), Liping Sun, Yinying Pu, Boyang Zhou, Yikang Sun, Xiaolong Li, Yan Fang, Lifan Wang, Chongke Zhao, Dou Du, Yan Zhang and Huixiong Xu ()
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Jifeng Yu: Fudan University
Bangguo Zhou: Tongji University
Shen Zhang: Tongji University
Haohao Yin: Fudan University
Liping Sun: Tongji University
Yinying Pu: Tongji University
Boyang Zhou: Fudan University
Yikang Sun: Fudan University
Xiaolong Li: Fudan University
Yan Fang: Tongji University
Lifan Wang: Fudan University
Chongke Zhao: Fudan University
Dou Du: Tongji University
Yan Zhang: Tongji University
Huixiong Xu: Fudan University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Abstract Reprogramming the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment is a promising strategy for improving tumor immunotherapy efficacy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system can be used to knockdown tumor immunosuppression-related genes. Therefore, here, a self-driven multifunctional delivery vector is constructed to efficiently deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 nanosystem for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) knockdown in order to amplify immunogenic cell death (ICD) and then reverse tumor immunosuppression. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a self-driven safety probiotic that can penetrate the hypoxia tumor center, allowing efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to the tumor region. While LGG efficiently colonizes the tumor area, it also stimulates the organism to activate the immune system. The CRISPR/Cas9 nanosystem can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the ultrasound irradiation, resulting in ICD, while the produced ROS can induce endosomal/lysosomal rupture and then releasing Cas9/sgRNA to knock down the IDO1 gene to lift immunosuppression. The system generates immune responses that effectively attack tumor cells in mice, contributing to the inhibition of tumor re-challenge in vivo. In addition, this strategy provides an immunological memory effect which offers protection against lung metastasis.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35580-z

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