Intermediate water circulation drives distribution of Pliocene Oxygen Minimum Zones

Catherine V. Davis (), Elizabeth C. Sibert, Peter H. Jacobs, Natalie Burls and Pincelli M. Hull
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Catherine V. Davis: North Carolina State University
Elizabeth C. Sibert: Yale University
Peter H. Jacobs: George Mason University
Natalie Burls: George Mason University
Pincelli M. Hull: Yale University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling and act as barriers to dispersal for marine organisms. OMZs are currently expanding and intensifying with climate change, however past distributions of OMZs are relatively unknown. Here we present evidence for widespread pelagic OMZs during the Pliocene (5.3-2.6 Ma), the most recent epoch with atmospheric CO2 analogous to modern (~400-450 ppm). The global distribution of OMZ-affiliated planktic foraminifer, Globorotaloides hexagonus, and Earth System and Species Distribution Models show that the Indian Ocean, Eastern Equatorial Pacific, eastern South Pacific, and eastern North Atlantic all supported OMZs in the Pliocene, as today. By contrast, low-oxygen waters were reduced in the North Pacific and expanded in the North Atlantic in the Pliocene. This spatially explicit perspective reveals that a warmer world can support both regionally expanded and contracted OMZs, with intermediate water circulation as a key driver.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35083-x

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