Terahertz waveform synthesis in integrated thin-film lithium niobate platform

Alexa Herter (), Amirhassan Shams-Ansari (), Francesca Fabiana Settembrini, Hana K. Warner, Jérôme Faist, Marko Lončar and Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus ()
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Alexa Herter: ETH Zurich, Institute of Quantum Electronics
Amirhassan Shams-Ansari: Harvard University
Francesca Fabiana Settembrini: ETH Zurich, Institute of Quantum Electronics
Hana K. Warner: Harvard University
Jérôme Faist: ETH Zurich, Institute of Quantum Electronics
Marko Lončar: Harvard University
Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus: EPF Lausanne, Hybrid Photonics Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Bridging the “terahertz gap“ relies upon synthesizing arbitrary waveforms in the terahertz domain enabling applications that require both narrow band sources for sensing and few-cycle drives for classical and quantum objects. However, realization of custom-tailored waveforms needed for these applications is currently hindered due to limited flexibility for optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in bulk crystals. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that thin-film lithium niobate circuits provide a versatile solution for such waveform synthesis by combining the merits of complex integrated architectures, low-loss distribution of pump pulses on-chip, and an efficient optical rectification. Our distributed pulse phase-matching scheme grants shaping the temporal, spectral, phase, amplitude, and farfield characteristics of the emitted terahertz field through designer on-chip components. This strictly circumvents prior limitations caused by the phase-delay mismatch in conventional systems and relaxes the requirement for cumbersome spectral pre-engineering of the pumping light. We propose a toolbox of basic blocks that produce broadband emission up to 680 GHz and far-field amplitudes of a few V m−1 with adaptable phase and coherence properties by using near-infrared pump pulse energies below 100 pJ.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35517-6

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