Computational conjugate adaptive optics microscopy for longitudinal through-skull imaging of cortical myelin

Yongwoo Kwon, Jin Hee Hong, Sungsam Kang, Hojun Lee, Yonghyeon Jo, Ki Hean Kim, Seokchan Yoon () and Wonshik Choi ()
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Yongwoo Kwon: Institute for Basic Science
Jin Hee Hong: Institute for Basic Science
Sungsam Kang: Institute for Basic Science
Hojun Lee: Institute for Basic Science
Yonghyeon Jo: Institute for Basic Science
Ki Hean Kim: Pohang University of Science and Technology
Seokchan Yoon: Institute for Basic Science
Wonshik Choi: Institute for Basic Science

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Myelination processes are closely related to higher brain functions such as learning and memory. While their longitudinal observation has been crucial to understanding myelin-related physiology and various brain disorders, skull opening or thinning has been required to secure clear optical access. Here we present a high-speed reflection matrix microscope using a light source with a wavelength of 1.3 μm to reduce tissue scattering and aberration. Furthermore, we develop a computational conjugate adaptive optics algorithm designed for the recorded reflection matrix to optimally compensate for the skull aberrations. These developments allow us to realize label-free longitudinal imaging of cortical myelin through an intact mouse skull. The myelination processes of the same mice were observed from 3 to 10 postnatal weeks to the depth of cortical layer 4 with a spatial resolution of 0.79 μm. Our system will expedite the investigations on the role of myelination in learning, memory, and brain disorders.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35738-9

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