Formation and degradation of strongly reducing cyanoarene-based radical anions towards efficient radical anion-mediated photoredox catalysis

Yonghwan Kwon, Jungwook Lee, Yeonjin Noh, Doyon Kim, Yungyeong Lee, Changhoon Yu, Juan Carlos Roldao, Siyang Feng, Johannes Gierschner (), Reinhold Wannemacher () and Min Sang Kwon ()
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Yonghwan Kwon: Seoul National University
Jungwook Lee: Seoul National University
Yeonjin Noh: Seoul National University
Doyon Kim: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Yungyeong Lee: Seoul National University
Changhoon Yu: Seoul National University
Juan Carlos Roldao: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience
Siyang Feng: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience
Johannes Gierschner: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience
Reinhold Wannemacher: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience
Min Sang Kwon: Seoul National University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Cyanoarene-based photocatalysts (PCs) have attracted significant interest owing to their superior catalytic performance for radical anion mediated photoredox catalysis. However, the factors affecting the formation and degradation of cyanoarene-based PC radical anion (PC•‒) are still insufficiently understood. Herein, we therefore investigate the formation and degradation of cyanoarene-based PC•‒ under widely-used photoredox-mediated reaction conditions. By screening various cyanoarene-based PCs, we elucidate strategies to efficiently generate PC•‒ with adequate excited-state reduction potentials (Ered*) via supra-efficient generation of long-lived triplet excited states (T1). To thoroughly investigate the behavior of PC•‒ in actual photoredox-mediated reactions, a reductive dehalogenation is carried out as a model reaction and identified the dominant photodegradation pathways of the PC•‒. Dehalogenation and photodegradation of PC•‒ are coexistent depending on the rate of electron transfer (ET) to the substrate and the photodegradation strongly depends on the electronic and steric properties of the PCs. Based on the understanding of both the formation and photodegradation of PC•‒, we demonstrate that the efficient generation of highly reducing PC•‒ allows for the highly efficient photoredox catalyzed dehalogenation of aryl/alkyl halides at a PC loading as low as 0.001 mol% with a high oxygen tolerance. The present work provides new insights into the reactions of cyanoarene-based PC•‒ in photoredox-mediated reactions.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35774-5

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