Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds

Ling-Zi Li, Zhou-Geng Xu, Tian-Gen Chang, Long Wang, Heng Kang, Dong Zhai, Lu-Yi Zhang, Peng Zhang, Hongtao Liu, Xin-Guang Zhu and Jia-Wei Wang ()
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Ling-Zi Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Zhou-Geng Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Tian-Gen Chang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Long Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Heng Kang: Nanjing University
Dong Zhai: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Lu-Yi Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Peng Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Hongtao Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Xin-Guang Zhu: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jia-Wei Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Weed species are detrimental to crop yield. An understanding of how weeds originate and adapt to field environments is needed for successful crop management and reduction of herbicide use. Although early flowering is one of the weed trait syndromes that enable ruderal weeds to overcome frequent disturbances, the underlying genetic basis is poorly understood. Here, we establish Cardamine occulta as a model to study weed ruderality. By genome assembly and QTL mapping, we identify impairment of the vernalization response regulator gene FLC and a subsequent dominant mutation in the blue-light receptor gene CRY2 as genetic drivers for the establishment of short life cycle in ruderal weeds. Population genomics study further suggests that the mutations in these two genes enable individuals to overcome human disturbances through early deposition of seeds into the soil seed bank and quickly dominate local populations, thereby facilitating their spread in East China. Notably, functionally equivalent dominant mutations in CRY2 are shared by another weed species, Rorippa palustris, suggesting a common evolutionary trajectory of early flowering in ruderal weeds in Brassicaceae.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35966-7

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