One dimensional wormhole corrosion in metals

Yang Yang (), Weiyue Zhou, Sheng Yin, Sarah Y. Wang, Qin Yu, Matthew J. Olszta, Ya-Qian Zhang, Steven E. Zeltmann, Mingda Li, Miaomiao Jin, Daniel K. Schreiber, Jim Ciston, M. C. Scott, John R. Scully, Robert O. Ritchie, Mark Asta, Ju Li, Michael P. Short () and Andrew M. Minor ()
Additional contact information
Yang Yang: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Weiyue Zhou: Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sheng Yin: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Sarah Y. Wang: University of California
Qin Yu: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Matthew J. Olszta: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Ya-Qian Zhang: University of California
Steven E. Zeltmann: University of California
Mingda Li: Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Miaomiao Jin: The Pennsylvania State University
Daniel K. Schreiber: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jim Ciston: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
M. C. Scott: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
John R. Scully: University of Virginia
Robert O. Ritchie: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mark Asta: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ju Li: Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Michael P. Short: Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Andrew M. Minor: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Corrosion is a ubiquitous failure mode of materials. Often, the progression of localized corrosion is accompanied by the evolution of porosity in materials previously reported to be either three-dimensional or two-dimensional. However, using new tools and analysis techniques, we have realized that a more localized form of corrosion, which we call 1D wormhole corrosion, has previously been miscategorized in some situations. Using electron tomography, we show multiple examples of this 1D and percolating morphology. To understand the origin of this mechanism in a Ni-Cr alloy corroded by molten salt, we combined energy-filtered four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and ab initio density functional theory calculations to develop a vacancy mapping method with nanometer-resolution, identifying a remarkably high vacancy concentration in the diffusion-induced grain boundary migration zone, up to 100 times the equilibrium value at the melting point. Deciphering the origins of 1D corrosion is an important step towards designing structural materials with enhanced corrosion resistance.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36588-9

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