Quantum Rabi dynamics of trapped atoms far in the deep strong coupling regime

Johannes Koch (), Geram R. Hunanyan, Till Ockenfels, Enrique Rico, Enrique Solano and Martin Weitz ()
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Johannes Koch: Universität Bonn
Geram R. Hunanyan: Universität Bonn
Till Ockenfels: Universität Bonn
Enrique Rico: University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
Enrique Solano: University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
Martin Weitz: Universität Bonn

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The coupling of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field, whose fully quantized version is the quantum Rabi model, is among the central topics of quantum physics. When the coupling strength becomes large enough that the field mode frequency is reached, the deep strong coupling regime is approached, and excitations can be created from the vacuum. Here we demonstrate a periodic variant of the quantum Rabi model in which the two-level system is encoded in the Bloch band structure of cold rubidium atoms in optical potentials. With this method we achieve a Rabi coupling strength of 6.5 times the field mode frequency, which is far in the deep strong coupling regime, and observe a subcycle timescale raise in bosonic field mode excitations. In a measurement recorded in the basis of the coupling term of the quantum Rabi Hamiltonian, a freezing of dynamics is revealed for small frequency splittings of the two-level system, as expected when the coupling term dominates over all other energy scales, and a revival for larger splittings. Our work demonstrates a route to realize quantum-engineering applications in yet unexplored parameter regimes.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36611-z

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