Kagome qubit ice

Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla, Jack Raymond, Kelly Boothby, Juan Carrasquilla, Cristiano Nisoli () and Andrew D. King ()
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Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Jack Raymond: D-Wave Quantum Inc.
Kelly Boothby: D-Wave Quantum Inc.
Juan Carrasquilla: University of Toronto
Cristiano Nisoli: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Andrew D. King: D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Topological phases of spin liquids with constrained disorder can host a kinetics of fractionalized excitations. However, spin-liquid phases with distinct kinetic regimes have proven difficult to observe experimentally. Here we present a realization of kagome spin ice in the superconducting qubits of a quantum annealer, and use it to demonstrate a field-induced kinetic crossover between spin-liquid phases. Employing fine control over local magnetic fields, we show evidence of both the Ice-I phase and an unconventional field-induced Ice-II phase. In the latter, a charge-ordered yet spin-disordered topological phase, the kinetics proceeds via pair creation and annihilation of strongly correlated, charge conserving, fractionalized excitations. As these kinetic regimes have resisted characterization in other artificial spin ice realizations, our results demonstrate the utility of quantum-driven kinetics in advancing the study of topological phases of spin liquids.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36760-1

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