Development of the oral resistome during the first decade of life

Smitha Sukumar (), Fang Wang, Carra A. Simpson, Cali E. Willet, Tracy Chew, Toby E. Hughes, Michelle R. Bockmann, Rosemarie Sadsad, F. Elizabeth Martin, Henry W. Lydecker, Gina V. Browne, Kylie M. Davis, Minh Bui, Elena Martinez and Christina J. Adler ()
Additional contact information
Smitha Sukumar: The University of Sydney
Fang Wang: The University of Sydney
Carra A. Simpson: University of California, Los Angeles
Cali E. Willet: Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney
Tracy Chew: Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney
Toby E. Hughes: The University of Sydney
Michelle R. Bockmann: University of Adelaide
Rosemarie Sadsad: Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney
F. Elizabeth Martin: The University of Sydney
Henry W. Lydecker: Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney
Gina V. Browne: The University of Sydney
Kylie M. Davis: University of Adelaide
Minh Bui: The University of Melbourne
Elena Martinez: The University of Sydney
Christina J. Adler: The University of Sydney

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Genome sequencing reveals the widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in diverse microbial environments. Hence, surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. Here, we characterise the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigate its role in dental caries in 221 twin children (124 females and 97 males) sampled at three time points over the first decade of life. From 530 oral metagenomes, we identify 309 ARGs, which significantly cluster by age, with host genetic effects detected from infancy onwards. Our results suggest potential mobilisation of ARGs increases with age as the AMR associated mobile genetic element, Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs in older children. We find a depletion of ARGs and species in dental caries compared to health. This trend reverses in restored teeth. Here we show the paediatric oral resistome is an inherent and dynamic component of the oral microbiome, with a potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36781-w

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