Signatures of the exciton gas phase and its condensation in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2

Yekai Song, Chunjing Jia, Hongyu Xiong, Binbin Wang, Zhicheng Jiang, Kui Huang, Jinwoong Hwang, Zhuojun Li, Choongyu Hwang, Zhongkai Liu, Dawei Shen, Jonathan A. Sobota, Patrick Kirchmann, Jiamin Xue, Thomas P. Devereaux, Sung-Kwan Mo (), Zhi-Xun Shen () and Shujie Tang ()
Additional contact information
Yekai Song: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chunjing Jia: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Hongyu Xiong: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Binbin Wang: ShanghaiTech University
Zhicheng Jiang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kui Huang: ShanghaiTech University
Jinwoong Hwang: Stanford University
Zhuojun Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Choongyu Hwang: Pusan National University
Zhongkai Liu: ShanghaiTech University
Dawei Shen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jonathan A. Sobota: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Patrick Kirchmann: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Jiamin Xue: ShanghaiTech University
Thomas P. Devereaux: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Sung-Kwan Mo: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Zhi-Xun Shen: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Shujie Tang: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The excitonic insulator (EI) is a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons bound by electron-hole interaction in a solid, which could support high-temperature BEC transition. The material realization of EI has been challenged by the difficulty of distinguishing it from a conventional charge density wave (CDW) state. In the BEC limit, the preformed exciton gas phase is a hallmark to distinguish EI from conventional CDW, yet direct experimental evidence has been lacking. Here we report a distinct correlated phase beyond the 2×2 CDW ground state emerging in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2 and its investigation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results show novel band- and energy-dependent folding behavior in a two-step process, which is the signatures of an exciton gas phase prior to its condensation into the final CDW state. Our findings provide a versatile two-dimensional platform that allows tuning of the excitonic effect.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36857-7

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