Biased IL-2 signals induce Foxp3-rich pulmonary lymphoid structures and facilitate long-term lung allograft acceptance in mice

Yoshito Yamada, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Daniela Impellizzieri, Katsutaka Mineura, Rintaro Shibuya, Alvaro Gomariz, Martina Haberecker, Jakob Nilsson, César Nombela-Arrieta, Wolfgang Jungraithmayr and Onur Boyman ()
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Yoshito Yamada: University Hospital Zurich
Tuan Thanh Nguyen: University Hospital Zurich
Daniela Impellizzieri: University Hospital Zurich
Katsutaka Mineura: Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
Rintaro Shibuya: Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
Alvaro Gomariz: University Hospital Zurich
Martina Haberecker: University Hospital Zurich
Jakob Nilsson: University Hospital Zurich
César Nombela-Arrieta: University Hospital Zurich
Wolfgang Jungraithmayr: University Hospital Zurich
Onur Boyman: University Hospital Zurich

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Transplantation of solid organs can be life-saving in patients with end-stage organ failure, however, graft rejection remains a major challenge. In this study, by pre-conditioning with interleukin-2 (IL-2)/anti-IL-2 antibody complex treatment biased toward IL-2 receptor α, we achieved acceptance of fully mismatched orthotopic lung allografts that remained morphologically and functionally intact for more than 90 days in immunocompetent mice. These allografts are tolerated by the actions of forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells that home to the lung allografts. Although counts of circulating Treg cells rapidly return to baseline following cessation of IL-2 treatment, Foxp3+ Treg cells persist in peribronchial and peribronchiolar areas of the grafted lungs, forming organized clusters reminiscent of inducible tertiary lymphoid structures (iTLS). These iTLS in lung allografts are made of Foxp3+ Treg cells, conventional T cells, and B cells, as evidenced by using microscopy-based distribution and neighborhood analyses. Foxp3-transgenic mice with inducible and selective deletion of Foxp3+ cells are unable to form iTLS in lung allografts, and these mice acutely reject lung allografts. Collectively, we report that short-term, high-intensity and biased IL-2 pre-conditioning facilitates acceptance of vascularized and ventilated lung allografts without the need of immunosuppression, by inducing Foxp3-controlled iTLS formation within allografts.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36924-z

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