Structural basis for antibody recognition of vulnerable epitopes on Nipah virus F protein

Patrick O. Byrne, Brian E. Fisher, David R. Ambrozak, Elizabeth G. Blade, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Barney S. Graham, Jason S. McLellan () and Rebecca J. Loomis ()
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Patrick O. Byrne: The University of Texas at Austin
Brian E. Fisher: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
David R. Ambrozak: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Elizabeth G. Blade: The University of Texas at Austin
Yaroslav Tsybovsky: Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Barney S. Graham: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
Jason S. McLellan: The University of Texas at Austin
Rebecca J. Loomis: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is a pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. Two envelope glycoproteins, the attachment protein (G/RBP) and fusion protein (F), facilitate entry into host cells. Due to its vital role, NiV F presents an attractive target for developing vaccines and therapeutics. Several neutralization-sensitive epitopes on the NiV F apex have been described, however the antigenicity of most of the F protein’s surface remains uncharacterized. Here, we immunize mice with prefusion-stabilized NiV F and isolate ten monoclonal antibodies that neutralize pseudotyped virus. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals eight neutralization-sensitive epitopes on NiV F, four of which have not previously been described. Novel sites span the lateral and basal faces of NiV F, expanding the known library of vulnerable epitopes. Seven of ten antibodies bind the Hendra virus (HeV) F protein. Multiple sequence alignment suggests that some of these newly identified neutralizing antibodies may also bind F proteins across the Henipavirus genus. This work identifies new epitopes as targets for therapeutics, provides a molecular basis for NiV neutralization, and lays a foundation for development of new cross-reactive antibodies targeting Henipavirus F proteins.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36995-y

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